In these difficult economic times, tenants may struggle to pay their rent, leaving landlords out of pocket.
In the absence of insurance that makes good the cost of unpaid rent, the way in which the landlord is able to secure relief for the bad debt depends on whether the landlord uses the cash basis or the accruals basis to prepare their accounts.
Cash basis
The cash basis is a simple way of preparing accounts that is based on money in and money out. It is the default basis of accounts preparation for most unincorporated landlords with annual rental income of £150,000 or less.
Under the cash basis, income is only taken into account when it is received, and relief is only given for expenses when they are paid. This methodology provides automatic relief for bad debts as if the rent is not received, it is not taken into account in calculating the rental profit.
If the rent is received at a later date or the landlord is able to recover some or all of the unpaid rent through an insurance policy, it is simply brought into account as a receipt of the property rental business on the date that it is received.
Accruals basis
Landlords may use the accruals basis if they are not eligible for the cash basis, as may be the case if their annual rental income exceeds £150,000 or they operate their property business through a limited company. A landlord who is eligible to use the cash basis may elect to use the accruals basis instead.
Under the accruals basis, income and expenditure are matched to the period to which they relate, regardless of whether it has received or paid out. This is done by taking account of debtors, creditors, prepayments and accruals.
Where the accruals basis is used and the rent is unpaid, the rent for the period would be taken into account in calculating the profit for that period, and the balance sheet would show a debtor for the unpaid rent.
However, the tax legislation provides relief for bad and doubtful debts. Relief is given as a deduction when it becomes clear that the debt is bad or doubtful. Where a tenant is slow to pay but eventually pays, no relief is available – the rent is still taken into account for the period to which it relates regardless of when it is actually received.
Partner note: ITTOIA 2005, ss. 35, 271A–271D; CTA 2009, s. 55.
